02：Composition
A car is usually assembled from 20,000 to 30,000 parts. A car is generally composed of four basic parts: engine, chassis, body and electrical equipment. Therefore, all kinds of subdivided products of auto parts are derived from these four basic parts.
Vol.1
Engine
The engine is the power unit of the car, mainly composed of the body, crankshaft, connecting rod mechanism, valve mechanism, cooling system, lubrication system and ignition system (diesel engine has no ignition system).
- Cooling system: generally composed of water tank, water pump, radiator, fan, thermostat, water temperature gauge, drain switch, etc. Automobile engines use two cooling methods: air cooling and water cooling. Generally speaking, antifreeze is used to cool automobile engines.
- Lubrication system: The engine lubrication system consists of oil pump, filter, oil filter, oil channel, pressure limiting valve, oil gauge, pressure sensor plug, oil dipstick, etc.
- Fuel system: The gasoline engine fuel system consists of fuel tank, gasoline gauge, gasoline pipe, gasoline filter, gasoline pump, fuel injector, air filter, intake and exhaust manifold, etc.
- Ignition system: It is composed of ignition power supply, ignition switch, coil, spark plug and high-voltage wire.
Engine overall structure diagram
Gasoline engine cutaway
Vol.2
Chassis
The chassis of the car is mainly composed of transmission system, driving system, steering system and braking system.
- Transmission system: It is mainly composed of clutch, transmission, universal joint, drive shaft, drive axle, etc.
- Driving system: It is composed of frame, axle, suspension and wheel. Its basic function is to support the quality of the whole vehicle and ensure the driving of the vehicle.
- Steering system: It is composed of steering wheel, steering gear, steering knuckle, steering knuckle arm, tie rod, straight tie rod, etc., which is used for steering.
- Braking system: The function of the braking system is to slow down or even stop the moving vehicle according to the driver's requirements; to make the parked vehicle stop smoothly under various road conditions (including on ramps); to keep the vehicle speed stable when going downhill. At present, most domestic automobile manufacturers use front disc and rear drum brake systems on small and medium-sized commercial vehicles, and some models are four-wheel disc brakes. Compared with drum brakes, disc brakes are more advanced in technology and have better braking performance.
Vol.3
Body
The main function of the body is to protect the driver and create a good aerodynamic environment. In terms of form, the car body structure is mainly divided into non-load-bearing, load-bearing, and semi-load-bearing. The components of the car body include the engine cover, roof cover, trunk cover, fenders, and front panel.
- Engine cover
- Roof cover
- Trunk cover
- Fenders
- Front panel
Vol.4
Electrical equipment
Automotive electronics is a general term for body electronic control devices and on-board electronic control devices
- Body electronic control devices include: engine control system, chassis control system and body electronic control system. These are all electronic control systems composed of sensors, microprocessors MPU, actuators, dozens or even hundreds of electronic components and parts.
- On-board automotive electronic devices include: batteries, generators, regulators, starters, ignition systems, instruments, lighting devices, audio devices, wipers, sensors, etc.
