Structure and type of ignition coil by Asiautos Auto Parts(China Car Aftermarket Parts Expert)

Edited by Asiautos Auto Part

The ignition coil is a key component in the ignition system of an automobile engine. Its main function is to convert low-voltage electricity into high-voltage electricity to ignite the spark plug, thereby realizing the ignition process.

Ignition coil structure

1.Basic components: 

Iron core: Made of stacked silicon steel sheets, the sheets are isolated by insulating materials, and the outer layer is covered with an insulating sleeve to enhance the magnetic flux.

Winding:

Primary winding: Use enameled wire with a diameter of 0.5-1.0mm to wind in layers, usually 230-370 turns, located outside the secondary winding to facilitate heat dissipation. Secondary winding: Use enameled wire with a diameter of 0.06-0.10mm to wind, with more turns (about 11,000-26,000 turns), usually located outside the primary winding.

Additional components: including bakelite cover, porcelain cup, insulating paper, asphalt or transformer oil, etc., used to strengthen insulation and prevent moisture intrusion.

2.Special design:

Open magnetic circuit ignition coil: uses a cylindrical iron core, with low conversion efficiency, but simple structure, suitable for traditional ignition system. 

Closed magnetic circuit ignition coil: The iron core is in the shape of "口" or "日", the magnetic lines are closed, the energy conversion efficiency is high, the volume is small, the weight is light, and it is suitable for modern high-energy contactless ignition system.

Types of ignition coils

1.Classification by magnetic circuit structure:

Open magnetic circuit ignition coil: Applicable to traditional contact ignition system, with simple structure and low cost, but large magnetic leakage and low efficiency.

Closed magnetic circuit ignition coil: suitable for modern electronic control ignition system, with high energy conversion efficiency, small size, light weight and other advantages. 

Classification by working mode: 

Independent ignition mode: each cylinder is equipped with an ignition coil, suitable for multi-cylinder engines, can improve ignition efficiency and engine performance.

Simultaneous ignition mode: multiple cylinders share one ignition coil, suitable for engines with fewer cylinders, but the ignition efficiency is lower.

2.Classification by cooling method:

Oil-immersed ignition coil: Cooled by oil, suitable for traditional ignition system, but with large magnetic leakage and low efficiency. 

Dry ignition coil: Air-cooled, with better heat dissipation performance and higher conversion efficiency.

3.Classification by connection method:

Three-terminal type: additional resistors are installed on the shell to improve ignition performance.

Two-terminal type: without additional resistors, simple structure.

Application and maintenance of ignition coils

Ignition coils are widely used in traditional internal combustion engines and modern electronically controlled ignition systems. Their failure may cause unstable engine operation, misfire or failure to start. 

In terms of maintenance, it is necessary to regularly check whether the ignition coil is firmly connected and whether there is physical damage or corrosion.

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